Use of space, levels and proxemics for blood brothers

For instance. At the point when Mrs. Lyons (Vivienne Carlyle) didn't need Mrs. Johnston (Marti Webb) close to the infant. Carlyle was situated stage directly in connection with Mari Webb who was arranged left. Carlyle moved move in an opposite direction from Webb to show that she didn't need her close to the youngster and in doing that, she gripped the kid near her. Carlyle successfully utilized that she didn't need Webb. Webb Carlyle Audience Another model is when Mickey (Sean Jones) and Eddie (Simon Wilmot) become companions and Mrs. J ( Webb) discovers! Mickey is send inside and I saw that Webb utilized exceptionally close proxemics when conversing with Simon. This indicated the Love of a mother to her child that she had parted with and hadn't seen for quite a while in spite of the fact that Simon doesn't know now! I likewise felt the utilization of levels was utilized adequately by the Narrator (Keith Burns) as he connected the entertainers with the characters. For Example, when he was at the highest point of the foundation, looking down at the entertainers, it appeared as though he was in charge. Particularly in light of the fact that he was the person who determines what occurs in the story. What's more, I however utilization of separating was likewise acceptable as they utilized the foundation which hindered the profundity of behind the sheets and the real size of the stage. For Example. At the point when the Scene was occurring at Mrs. Lyons house, they presented foundation which made the stage look littler. Another model is the point at which they Split the phase in to two scenes. It was cross sliced from one territory to the next. As appeared in the outline.

Disaster Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Debacle Management - Essay Example He/she is likewise answerable for sorting out and coordinating a group that targets safeguarding and forestalling further harm and passings of individuals and residential creatures by the catastrophe. The hierarchy of leadership is as per the following. At the top most is the debacle leader who is in control and liable for the entire circumstance. Quickly under the calamity leader are the open data official and contact officials. The open data official ought to comprehend standards of dangers in correspondence. He/she is answerable for giving exact general wellbeing data to people in general and teaming up offices. His/her job is to guarantee that the message is reliable. The contact official, then again, fills in as a state of contact for supporting organizations and addressing their inquiries and giving briefings at whatever point essential. The official additionally keeps the organizations from being shelled with questions and demands. The following level incorporates the activiti es boss official whose primary work is to create and execute methodologies and strategies with the point of doing episode targets. He is liable for arranging strategy assets and guaranteeing that there is acceptable correspondence with the individuals conveying the assets. The arranging boss official likewise falls in this level and he/she is liable for get-together, breaking down, and scattering data. The work force are liable for assembling an occurrence activity plan and concentrating on what may come next inside the episode. The work force ought to have characteristics of good composed and relational abilities. Inside a similar level, the coordinations boss official is answerable for obtaining space and providing gear fundamental for the episode. He/she ought to be quick, exact, and exact. At long last, inside a similar level, a main account official is answerable for guaranteeing legitimate authoritative and money related procedures are set up. He/she likewise guarantees that t he assets requested are accessible and extended if fundamental. The monetary official ought to be acquainted with budgetary frameworks and ready to keep exact money related information. The spilled carbon monoxide, oil, and a lot more perils present inside the private houses are a portion of the natural issues the open medical caretaker needs to manage yet are past her field of activity. Rates of intensity misfortune and harm of houses are additionally past her zone of activity, henceforth the need to work with various offices so as to encourage brisk and brief salvage crucial. The wellbeing attendant migrates casualties from their homes to more secure shades if there should arise an occurrence of flooding. Under conditions when clean water isn't accessible, the general wellbeing attendant advices on drinking of bubbled water and filtered water. If there should arise an occurrence of oil spillage and paints in a private house, the wellbeing medical attendant contacts a natural maste r to guidance on the most proficient method to tidy up family unit perils. The general wellbeing official additionally helps casualties through dynamic by being mindful, comprehension, and tuning in to their feelings of trepidation. He/she likewise enables the casualties to lessen uneasiness and weight. Under circumstances where the casualty doesn't talk or get English, the general wellbeing medical attendant uses motions to impart. This causes the medical caretaker to experience the victim’

The Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory of Emotion

The Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory of Emotion Theories Cognitive Psychology Print The Schachter-Singer Two-Factor Theory of Emotion Schachter and Singers Theory of Emotion By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on October 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on October 01, 2019 More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology What exactly makes up an emotion? According to one major theory of emotion, there are two key components: physical arousal and a cognitive label. In other words, the experience of emotion involves first having some kind of physiological response which the mind then identifies. Cognitive theories of emotion began to emerge during the 1960s, as part of what is often referred to as the cognitive revolution in psychology. One of the earliest cognitive theories of emotion was one proposed by Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer,  known as the two-factor theory of emotion. Verywell / Cindy Chung   What Is the Two-Factor Theory? Like the James-Lange theory of emotion, and in contrast to the Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, Schachter and Singer felt that physical arousal played a primary in emotions. However, they suggested that this arousal was the same for a wide variety of emotions, so physical arousal alone could not be responsible for emotional responses. The two-factor theory of emotion focuses on the interaction between physical arousal and how we cognitively label that arousal. In other words, simply feeling arousal is not enough; we also must identify the arousal in order to feel the emotion. So, imagine you are alone in a dark parking lot walking toward your car. A strange man suddenly emerges from a nearby row of trees and rapidly approaches. The sequence that follows, according to the two-factor theory, would be much like this: I see a strange man walking toward me.My heart is racing and I am trembling.My rapid heart rate and trembling are caused by fear.I am frightened! The process begins with the stimulus (the strange man), which is followed by the physical arousal (rapid heartbeat and trembling). Added to this is the cognitive label (associating the physical reactions to fear), which is immediately followed by the conscious experience of the emotion (fear). The immediate environment plays an important role in how physical responses are identified and labeled. In the example above, the dark, lonely setting and the sudden presence of an ominous stranger contributes to the identification of the emotion as fear. What would happen if you were walking toward your car on a bright sunny day and an elderly woman began to approach you? Rather than feeling fear, you might interpret your physical response as something like curiosity or concern if the woman seemed to be in need of assistance.   Schachter and Singer’s Experiment In a 1962 experiment, Schachter and Singer put their theory to the test. A group of 184 male participants was injected with epinephrine, a hormone that produces arousal including increased heartbeat, trembling, and rapid breathing. All of the participants were told that they were being injected with a new drug to test their eyesight. However, one group of participants was informed of the possible side-effects that the injection might cause while the other group of participants was not. Participants were then placed in a room with another participant who was actually a confederate in the experiment. The confederate either acted in one of two ways: euphoric or angry. Participants who had not been informed about the effects of the injection were more likely to feel either happier or angrier than those who had been informed. Those who were in a room with the euphoric confederate were more likely to interpret the side effects of the drug as happiness, while those exposed to the angry confederate were more likely to interpret their feelings as anger. Schacter and Singer had hypothesized that if people experienced an emotion for which they had no explanation, they would then label these feelings using their feelings at the moment. The results of the experiment suggested that participants who had no explanation for their feelings were more likely to be susceptible to the emotional influences of the confederate. Criticism of Two-Factor Theory While Schachter and Singers research spawned a great deal of further research, their theory has also been subject to criticism. Other researchers have only partially supported the findings of the original study  and have at times shown contradictory results.   In replications by Marshall and Zimbardo, the researchers found that participants were no more likely to act euphoric when exposed to a euphoric confederate than when they were exposed to a neutral confederate. In another study by Maslach, hypnotic suggestion was used to induce arousal rather than injecting epinephrine. The results suggested that unexplained physical arousal was more likely to generate negative emotions no matter which type of confederate condition they were exposed to. Other criticisms of the two-factor theory: Sometimes emotions are experienced before we think about them.Other researchers have supported James-Langes initial suggestion that there are actual physiological differences between emotions.

The Emergence Of The United States As An Independent...

African -American history predated the emergence of the United States as an independent country, and African – American literature was similarly in deep roots. Jupiter Hammon who was considered as the first published Black writer in America. In 1761, he published his first poem named â€Å"An Evening Thought: Salvation by Christ with Penitential Cries†. Through his poem, he implemented the idea of a gradual emancipation as a way to end slavery. His idea was later reprinted in some works such as â€Å"Le Mulatre† a short story published in 1837 by Victor Sejour and Clotel; or, The President’s Daughter (1853) by William Wells Brown. The second African American writer was â€Å"Lucy Terry†. She was stolen from America and sold into slavery in Rhode Island as an infant. She spent time in Rhode Island, up until the age of five, when she was sold to Ebenezer Wells of Deerfield. At the time, an Indian attack occurred in an area of Deerfield called â€Å"T he Bars†, which was a colonial term for a meadow. At the age of 16, Lucy Terry wrote her first work â€Å"Bars Fight†, a ballad about an attack of Deerfield. The Ballad was preserved orally until it was published in 1855 in Josiah Holland’s History of western Massachusetts. Wheatley was the contemporary of Lucy Terry. She was also a slave, born in West Africa. She was sold into slavery at the age of seven and transported to North America. She was purchased by the Wheatley family of Boston, who taught her to read and write and encouraged her poetry whenShow MoreRelatedThe West African Nation of Ghana2488 Words   |  10 Pagesmid-twentieth century is Africa’s. This decade is the decade of African independence. Forward then, to independence. To independence now. Tomorrow, the united states of Africa.† It was with these words that Kwame Nkrumah concluded his speech at the opening ceremony of the All-African People’s conference in 1958. It was one of the first Pan-African congresses to be held in the continent, in an independent African nation and with a number of African freedom fighters-an achievement that Nkrumah was particularlyRead MorePartition and Scramble of Africa1582 Words   |  7 Pagesa period whereby European powers colonised, invaded, occupied and annexed African territories in a very rapid and unprecedented manner, even though there was little interest in Africa up to the 1870s. In fact, up to 1880 Europeans ruled merely 10% of the African continent. Yet within 30 years, by 1914, European nations will have claimed all of Africa except Liberia (a small territory of freed slaves from the United States) and Abyssinia (Ethiopia), which had successfully held off Italian invadersRead MoreEssay about Black Bourgeoisie Critical Review1655 Words   |  7 PagesChapter 1: The Roots of the Black Bourgeoisie 1. According to the perspective of E. Franklin Frazier, the â€Å"Black Bourgeoisie played an important role among American Negros for decades. Frazier’s study led him to the significant of â€Å"Negro Business† and its impact on the black middle class. Education was a major social factor responsible for emergence of the Black bourgeoisie. 2. By fact, the net total number of the free Negroes in the first generation topped out at 37,245 with an estimated accumulationRead MoreScramble Africa And The Aftermath Essay2328 Words   |  10 Pagescolony. The United States, Canada, South Korea, Niger, India, Kenya, Australia, and the Republic of South Africa and more shared the pros and cons of colonial systems. They are all former colonies to the extent that India, Nigeria, South Africa, Australia, Canada, and New Zealand are members of the Commonwealth, they are former colonies of the United Kingdom and they all continue to concede the nominal leadership of the queen. Here we come to the limit of the commonality of the countries that we routinelyRead More African Diaspora Essay2370 Words   |  10 PagesDiaspora from the lenses of migration; that the migration of people through out of the African continent has different points of origin, different patterns and results in different identity formations. Yet, all of these patterns of dispersion and germination/ assimilation represent formations of the Diaspora. My paper will focus on the complexities of the question of whether or not Africans in the Diaspora should return to Africa. This will be focused through the lensesRead MoreOppression Of African American Body Essay1933 Words   |  8 PagesBooker T. Coleman On August 20th, 1619, nearly four centuries ago, the first Africans were brought to their foreign home, America, and the implementation of systematic oppression served to eradicate their identity had begun. The inhabitants of Africa, unconsciously traded in their cultural customs such as religion beliefs, knowledge, and language for the formalities of the Western world, leading to the oppression of African people. Language and diction being one of the core building blocks of societyRead MoreImperialism Question2012 Words   |  9 PagesWeek 5 Imperialism Questions 1. Even though most of Latin America became independent of European colonial rule in the 19c, what were some of the cultural influences and other ties that still existed between the two continents? Between 1810 and 1825, all the Spanish territories on the American mainland gain their sovereignty from Spain. Simultaneously, the power of the Catholic Church diminishes, including its patronage of the visual arts. During these war-torn years, cultural production declinesRead MoreChapter 12 : The Industrial Revolution1830 Words   |  8 Pagesefficient, overall inventions led America into a capitalist marketplace that traded with the rest of the world. 2. With the invention of the steamboat, newer roads, and trains, enabled communication to become faster and more efficient, and connecting Americans to one another, thus, encouraging a deeper sense of nationalism, therefore, bringing an entire continent into a single cultural and economic unit. 3. The improvements in transportation and technology, gave way to the transition from home productionRead MoreThe Rise Of The New Woman2564 Words   |  11 Pages The Rise of the â€Å"New Woman† By Bethlehem Suraphel United States History HP Woodward Academy May 1, 2015 Bethlehem Suraphel Zaring US History HP 1 May 2015 The Evolution of the â€Å"New Woman† On August 18, 1920, women gained a new freedom that would change their role in society forever. This new freedom was the right to vote. Suffrage along with the first World War opened the door for women who were previously considered to onlyRead MoreEssay about History: World War I and Bold Experiments7600 Words   |  31 Pagesknow how to answer the following questions: 1. Why and how did American society industrialize during the late nineteenth century? 2. What were the causes and consequences of urbanization? 3. How did political change and progressive reform gain momentum after 1900? 4. How did the United States emerge as a world power by 1918? 5. What tensions between the old and new existed in the 1920s? The 1920 Census revealed that a majority of Americans (51 percent) lived in urban areas for the first time. Part 5

The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck - 631 Words

A common theme in John Steinbeck’s novel The Grapes of Wrath is the social commentary in promoting the norm gender stereotypes. In Steinbeck’s novel the typical stereotype that has been played throughout history is of women’s obedience to men. The setting in the novel takes place in the 1930’s on a farmers’ ranch in Oklahoma. During this time was the Great Depression, this caused many families to move westward to California. The men, as head of their households were the ones to make the decisions for the family or also known as the norm gender stereotypes. The more specific examples are how women do housework while the men make family decisions. It is soon later addressed by Steinbeck’s social commentary how the women now make decisions in the family and take charge. First, Steinbeck presents the typical stereotype by introducing a character named Ma, the matriarch of the Joad family. When a male quest offers to help her, she exclaims.  "Leave me to salt the meat†¦its women’s work† (Steinbeck 146). This is only said because she refuses help from a man who sees her tirelessly working, and multitasking on many things. The typical stereotype job for a woman is to do the housework and obey orders from the head of the family. If a man is seen doing those certain activities it is considered bad on the woman for not doing her job properly and degrading for the man performing them. This demonstrates the typical stereotype of women that it is seen as their duty to doShow MoreRelatedThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pages The Grapes of Wrath John Steinbeck, widely viewed as one of the most finest and powerful American writer, born to a middle-class family in 1902 in the Salinas Valley of California. Steinbeck is a writer who often spoke for the people. The Grapes of Wrath is a great movie, published in 1939, filled with many universal truths and views on human nature and society, especially where class is concerned. In the article, John Steinbeck The Grapes a wrath: A Call to Action says, â€Å"Steinbeck’s novel showcasedRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1075 Words   |  5 PagesKirsten Lloyd Mr. Eldridge AP Junior English 21 August 2014 Grapes of Wrath â€Å"Sometimes even to live is an act of courage.† (Seneca), In the 1939 novel, The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, the reader accompanies the Joad family as they struggle to escape the crippling Dust Bowl of the mid- 1930’s. In hopes of establishing a new life for themselves after being forced off their land the family embark on a journey from Oklahoma to California in search of fruitful crops and steady work alongRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1563 Words   |  7 Pages John Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, depicts a migrant farming family in the 1930s. During this time, life revolved around the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl, making circumstances difficult for almost everyone involved, especially those who had little. This time of drought and despair caused people to lose hope in everything they’ve ever known, even themselves, but those who did not, put their hope in the â€Å"promised land† of California. Here, the grass was thought to be truly greenerRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1189 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† Shortly after being released John Steinbeck’s book â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† was banned because many critics viewed the novel as promoting communist propaganda, or socialist ideas. The ideas that many of these critics point to is Steinbeck’s depiction of the Big Banks/ Businesses as monsters, the comparison of Government camps to a utopia in contrast of the makeshift â€Å"Hoovervilles,† and the theme of the community before the individual, In his novel â€Å"The Grapes of Wrath† John SteinbeckRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1093 Words   |  5 Pages In John Steinbeck s The Grapes of Wrath, Tom Joad and his family are forced from their home during the 1930’s Oklahoma Dust Bowl and set out for California along with thousands of others in search of jobs, land, and hope for a brighter future. The Grapes of Wrath is Steinbeck’s way to expound about the injustice and hardship of real migrants during the Depression-era. H e utilizes accurate factual information, somber imagery, and creates pathos, allowing readers connections to the Joad’s plightRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1190 Words   |  5 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath April 14th, 1939, John Steinbeck published the novel, The Grapes of Wrath. The novel became an immediate best seller, with selling over 428,900 copies. Steinbeck, who lived through both the Great Depression and the Dust Bowl, sought to bring attention to how families of Oklahoma outdid these disasters. Steinbeck focuses on families of Oklahoma, including the Joads family, who reside on a farm. The Joad family is tested with hardship when life for them on their farm takesRead MoreThe Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck702 Words   |  3 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s use of the intercalary chapters in The Grapes of Wrath helps weave the reader’s sympathy of the Joad family into a more broad sympathy for the migrant farmers as a whole, in the hopes that the readers would then be compelled to act upon what they have read. During the Great Depression, people had a big disconnect about what was happening in various parts of the country. People often struggle to find sympathy for events when they can’t even visualize a person who is suffering throughRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck2144 Words   |  9 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath is a well-known beloved novel of American Literature, written by John Steinbeck and published in 1939. Whoever said a road is just a road has not read The Grapes of Wrath. From the time we read when Tom Joad, novel’s protagonist, returns home after four years in prison; the meaning of roads changed. Route 66, also known as the mother road the road of flight, was a lifeline road, which allowed thousands of families to pursue their hopes and dreams. This road is also the road thatRead MoreThe Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck1014 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, was first written and later published in the 1939. Fr om the time of its publication to date, the exemplary yet a simple book has seen Steinbeck win a number of highly coveted awards including Pulitzer Prize in 1940 and later on Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962. Set at the time of the Great Depression, the book most remarkably gives a descriptive account of the Oklahoma based sharecropper Joad’ poor family in the light of economic hardship, homelessnessRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath By John Steinbeck1064 Words   |  5 PagesThe Grapes of Wrath, originated from a John Steinbeck’s book, a legendary film that focus on a major point of American history. The story follows the Joad family on their journey to California trying to survive the hardships. This film, focus on the social problems of America like the Dust bowl, The Great Depression, and industrialism. The Grapes of Wrath was filmed in a journalistic-documentary style, which displayed the realism of the epidemic in the thirties. The thirties the period The Grapes

Legal Abortion Arguments Pro and Con. - 984 Words

Legal Abortion: Arguments Pro and Con. Abortion is one of the most controversial issues in the world nowadays. Currently, abortion is legal in America, and many people believe that it should remain legal. These people, pro-choice activists, say that it is the womens right whether or not to have a child. However, there are many groups who are lobbying the Congress to pass laws that would make abortion illegal. These people are called the pro-life activists. Both pro-life and pro-choice activists refer to religion to back up their point of view. Pro-life supporters claim that human life begins at conception. Therefore, abortion is a murder of a person. Conversely, pro-choice activists say that personhood at conception is not a†¦show more content†¦Pro-choice supporters have an opposite view on this issue. They say that forcing a woman to bear a rapists child is further torture of the victim of a heinous crime. Rate of abortions is very high among teenagers. Pro-life activists say that the reason is that the availability of contraception and abortion make them be thoughtless of the consequences sex can have. Pro-choice supporters state that contraceptives and abortion help to prevent teens from becoming parents, and have nothing to do with the increase of their sexual activity. Right to Life movement names adoption as an alternative to abortion. But pro-choice supporters point out one more time that a woman should be able to decide for herself. They say that for a married woman, especially one with other children, giving a baby up for adoption is virtually impossible. Anti-abortionists rely on the fact that unwanted pregnancies become wanted children. They affirm that women make big mistakes having abortions, and they regret it later. On the other hand, pro-choice advocates state that many unwanted babies are abused, neglected or even killed by unloving or immature parents. Even if some may regret an abortion, this should not be a reason to deny choice to all women. Right to Lifers are trying to protect women from abortion, as it can cause psychological and physical damage. Women suffer guilt feeling s all their lives. Pro-life supporters state that nine short months of pregnancy is aShow MoreRelatedA Pro-Choice Essay on Abortion1568 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Pro-choice abortion Man was born with an inalienable aspect of choice and it is with this aspect that the person will die holding to, indeed, at individual levels people have even the choice between living and death and can decided to end their lives even without informing anyone about it. There have been various attempts to stall this menace in the USA but the approaches have always looked at the issue of teenage pregnancy as a religious and family value issue hence missing the point atRead MoreAbortion: Pro-Life and Pro-Choice694 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Pro-choice abortion Man was born with an inalienable aspect of choice and it is with this aspect that the person will die holding to, indeed, at individual levels people have even the choice between living and death and can decided to end their lives even without informing anyone about it. For long the issue of abortion has attracted a lot of attention and there should be lasting stands take towards the whole aspect of pro-life or pro-choice abortion. My personal stand is that the pro-choiceRead MoreAbortion : Affirmative Position Debate Outline1642 Words   |  7 Pages Abortion: Affirmative Position Debate Outline Abortion Background Abortion has been a controversial issue in the American society for decades. It is one that is argued among thousands if not millions of prochoice and prolife advocates. Pro-choice advocates believe that it is a woman’s right to choose whether or not she wants to follow through with a pregnancy regardless of the circumstances. In some cases women find themselves in difficult socioeconomic, health or emotional situations and therebyRead MoreAbortion : Why Politics Can t Find Common Ground1317 Words   |  6 Pages Abortion: Why Politics can’t find Common Ground Emily Gonzales English 5B Professor Gabriel Ibarra 17 Nov. 2015â€Æ' Abstract Abortion as we all know, is a controversial topic that has been known to debate on whether it should be legal or illegal. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. This particular issue goes way back and even though it is legal now in some places it is still being debated on. Those individualsRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?923 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion is an extremely controversial topic, which brings out strong opinions on whether or not it should be illegal. â€Å"The U.S. Supreme Court legalized abortion in the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973† (emedicinehealth). Abortion is a widely discussed topic throughout the American society, some people find it to be a good thing, and others find it to be a bad thing, and lastly some people find there to be pros and cons of abortion. As Americans we have the choice of who to marry and where to live, soRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?925 Words   |  4 PagesDiscussing abortion can be an extremely controversial topic, which brings out strong opinions on whether or not it should be illegal. â€Å"The U.S. Supreme Court legalized abortion in the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973† (emedicinehealth). Abortion is a widely discussed topic throughout the American society, some people find it to be a good thing, and others find it to be a bad thing, and lastly some people find there to be pros and cons of abortion. As Americans, we have the choice of who to marry andRead MoreTaylor Meyers. Christine Capen . English 3. May 12, 2017.1076 Words   |  5 Pages2017 How old do you have to be in order to be alive? Pro-life or Pro-choice? These two groups upon abortion will bring opinions flying in from everywhere. The topic on abortion is a very sensitive issue and always has been and probably always will remain a topic upon which we all will never agree on. Before I continue any further, for those who may not know, what exactly is an abortion? Defined in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary, an abortion is, â€Å"the termination of a pregnancy after, accompaniedRead More Abortion: Pro and Con Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion: Pro and Con In a pluralistic culture of unwanted pregnancy, there exists a contradiction between a relative sense of morality and the democratic ideal of free choice.   Aristotle provided the first written record of this irresolvable contradiction in his book Politics, saying, When couples have children in excess, let abortion be procured before sense and life have begun; what may or may not be lawfully done in these cases depends on the question of life and sensation. (1)   The controversyRead MoreArguments For And Against Abortion1590 Words   |  7 PagesArguments for and Against Abortion The battle over whether to legalize or ban abortion in the United States has greatly increased in recent years; the moral, ethical and legal had been a continuous fight in our society. The abortion issue is also the most passionate and debatable in the United States to whether allow one to have free will over their body or have the government make that decision. Furthermore, it is one of the leading debates in political races. In this society everyone has aRead MorePros And Cons Of Abortion983 Words   |  4 Pages Murder or Not? â€Å"In 2013, 664,435 legal induced abortions were reported to CDC from 49 reporting areas. The abortion rate for 2013 was 12.5 abortions per 1,000 women aged 15–44 years, and the abortion ratio was 200 abortions per 1,000 live births.† (cdc.gov) Over half a million abortions in one year alone that happened in the U.S.A, and that does not even take into account the rest of the world. Abortion is the act of intentionally terminating a human pregnancy, usually done before the third trimester

Describe the process by which genes and environmen Essay Example For Students

Describe the process by which genes and environmen Essay t operate together to influence development. Describe the process by which genes and environment operate together to influence development. Discuss the significance of these processes for our understanding of child development. This essay will give a detailed account of the process by which genes and the environment operate together to influence development. Looking at Physical development and Language development and the perspectives of Natavism, Behaviourism. Constructivism and Social Constructivism it will explain the role of these perspectives in understanding child development. It is argued that the genetic blueprint can interact with the environment to encourage development. The process of genes and environment working together is often referred to as epigenetics and shows how environmental factors which can affect a parent can change the types of genes passed onto their children. Looking at Physical Development it can be seen if the process of genes and environment operating together influence development. As the environment is constantly changing humankind needs to have changeable characteristics, some of which are physical, this is known as Developmental Plasticity. Piaget studied water snails and found that shape of the snails shell varied depending on its habitat. Pond snails had longer shells than lake snails who had shorter shells to suit the water turbulence. Suggesting that cells have the properties to change and become self-organising, cells can change the way they are developing in response to environmental stimuli. It is argued that genes can be switched on or off in response to this environmental stimuli and can alter the characteristics they produce. Piaget called this process Epigenetic Development, Epigenetic information is constantly being acquired throughout development, giving the environment an active role in influencing development. The environment is shaping information in our genes and changing our physical development. Humankind standing on two legs and walking was a response to environmental changes. This has had a significant effect on our genetic makeup from the shape of our pelvis to the size of our skull. Epigenetic systems can only change things during the period of maturation and once a characteristic is adapted it can not change back. Richardson, 1994, argues in relation to child development this would mean that once a child has learnt a particular behaviour this can not be changed or removed. Richardson argues because of our changing environment humankind need genetic characteristics which are changeable and can adapt through out a lifetime. We are constantly learning new things, and adapt our behaviour to what we have learnt. Learning is one of the processes which require our behaviour patterns to adapt through our lifetime. Life long developmental plasticity is a form of epigenetic development more suitable to child development as aspects such as language, behaviour adapt to suit our environment. Other theories exist which explain the importance of genes and the environment in child development. Belief that all human development can be explained by genetic make up is called genetic determination. This view sees behaviour as having end points and of humankind having little control over their development. The Genetic theories are rigid or Canalised systems. Plotkin and Odling-Smee, 1979, argue genetic determination needs environment to remain constant for many years in order for advantages of adaptation and natural selection to emerge. This is unlikely to happen in our ever changing environment, humankind can change its own environment. This can be seen by the creation of nuclear weapons, and the cutting down of rainforests. By studying twins and heritability it is possible to see to what extent genes influence our development. Heritability is what geneticists use to measure genetic differences, similarities are rated between 0 and 1. The higher the score the higher the heritability, indicating less genetic difference. Twins are usually reared in the same environment, monozygo tic (identical) twins share the same genetic make up and dizygotic twins (non-identical) share only half of their genes. So if development is determined by an innate blueprint then monozygotic twins should have higher heritability characteristics. E.g. Temperament, intelligence etc. than dizygotic twins. Buss and Plomin, 1984, studied twins at 4 years of age and found identical twins were similar in emotionality, Activity and Sociability heritability. Non-identical twins showed no similarities. Buss and Plomin argues this was evidence of genetic influence on development. Berscheid and Walster, 1978, found problems with the relevance of twin studies it was suggested that because monozygotic twins looked alike they were more likely to be treated alike by parents and other members of the family. This could mean that their environmental influences were more similar than dizygotic twins. NURSING NUTRITION PROJECT EssaySkinner a behaviourist disagrees with Chomosky, Behaviourists argue child development is based on conditioning and imitation. Skinner argues children acquire language not innately but through reinforcement. Skinner argues adults try to interpret a childs babbles into words and praise babbles that sound like words. Adults then reinforce the words by repeating them back to the child. The child then imitates the words of the adult and gains more praise for sounding like an adult. Behaviourists argue language is the result of the environment a child is in, as children do not invent new languages but acquire the language from the environment around them. Chomosky accepts environment does have a role to play in language development, as environment decides which language is learnt, but argues the capacity to learn language is innate. Another way of looking at language development is the child constructs its own language acquisition. The Transaction Model by Sameroff, 1991, can be applied, this follows the pattern of gene and environment creating development but the child then reacts to the feedback of development and influences its own development. Sameroff argues that as a result of a difficult birth a mother could become anxious, creating a baby that is has irregular patterns of sleeping and feeding and the mother sees the baby as difficult. The mother will spend less time with the baby and as a result the child may not attain average language development. The child is seen as active in development and creates interactions which lead to development processes. Piaget also sees the child as active in language development. Piaget reflects the constructivism theory of child development, which sees genes and environment working together to influence development. Piaget argues children do construct their own language acquisition. Piaget accepts maturation and learning are part of language development but argues a child can construct its own knowledge through its environment. Piaget says that children are born with basic actions called sensorimotor schemes and build on these foundations through interaction with environment. Piaget argues in the first two years a child has no need for language. Piaget argues that language develops through shared experiences and knowledge of the world. Piagets theory had an impact on the world of education and how teachers viewed learning. If as Piaget argues children are active learners, methods of teaching which involve lecturing students and students taking notes would not be a productive method of teaching. Teaching methods which actively involve the child and encourage exploration and self-knowledge would be more productive. A move away from examination based education and the introduction of more course work based elements is a reflection of this theory in t he world of education. In contrast Vygotsky, a social constructivist disagreed with Piaget as his theory ignored the social environment. Vygotsky argued society was essential to child development as it allowed child interaction with others. He argued that language is acquired by the child internalizing social interactions. A child learns from another person and after interactions are repeated several times the child internalizes it. Vygotsky argued this can only be achieved with another person and carried out in the childs zone of proximal development. Both Vygotsky and Piaget felt a child was active in the their own development. Vygotsky argues environment and its interactions shape the child, in contrast Piagets theory is more biologically linked. In conclusion it can be seen from looking at physical development and language development that genes and the environment operate together to influence development. In relation to child development the gene-environment perspective is not the only one to be considered. Gene only perspectives, Environment only perspectives and the Transactional model which sees the child as actively shaping its own development all play important roles and help us to understand the process of child development.

Quality Management Awards

A key symbol, of the growing appreciation of management as an area of vast significance, has been the increase, in the late twentieth century, of awards that a range of governments gives their most stupendous organizations.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Quality Management Awards specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This official acknowledgment of management practice and quality mirror the principle, at the top levels, that excellent management practice may be learned and cultivate d by supporting recognition of innovative procedures and best practices. This section will discuss and compare various frameworks of quality management. Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award The Malcolm Baldrige National Quality became established, in 1989, by the United States. This establishment of this prize became motivated by the successes of Japan industrial sectors, due to the introduction of Deming Prize. The Malcolm Baldrige N ational Quality award seeks to acknowledge successful quality management systems and enhance total quality management, in America. The award gets administered by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) (Brown 2004; Vokurka et al. 2000). MBNQA focuses on seven criteria including â€Å"Leadership, Strategic Planning, Customer Focus, Measurement, Analysis, and Knowledge management, Workforce Focus, Process management, and Results† (Pryor et al. n.d. p. 7). These centers on the following values â€Å" customer-driven excellence, visionary leadership, organizational and a personal learning, agility, focus on the future, managing for innovation, valuing partners and employees, focus on results, creating value, management by fact, social responsibility and systems perspective†(Pryor et al. n.d. p. 7). MBNQA resembles and differs with the Deming award, in several ways. The Malcolm Baldrige National Award, similar to the Deming Prize, gets applied to corporati ons owned by aliens (Khoo and Tan 2003; Zairi1994). However, MBNQA can only be applied to alien corporations that have half of their assets in America, unlike the Deming award.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More MBNQA stresses on customer focus, through its seven criteria (Hui and Chuan 2002). Hence, MBNQA centers on certain objectives, unlike the Deming award, which is system-centered. Besides, MBNQA uses several professionals in determining the corporations eligible for the award, while the Deming Prize relies, entirely on the JSU, in making decisions.. Lastly, MBNQA is apt to disclosing information of a winning company to others, unlike the Deming Prize, which keeps secrets of the winning company. The Deming Prize The Deming Prize, the Japanese management award, became formed in 1950, by Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers and became first awarded in 1951 (Gabor 1990 ; Vokurka et al. 2000). The award recognizes reliability and quality of commodities, in Japan. The standard assesses a corporation, in the fields of quality improvement, sales, profits, productivity enhancement and cost diminution. Also, it evaluates quality-assurance procedures, with the overall goal of determining the level of total quality control commitment, in a company. This prize can be administered n two forms including the Deming Application Prize and the Deming Prize. Whereas the Deming Application Prize gets based on achievements related to TQC implementation, the Deming Prize may be issued to persons or companies that appreciate TQC, and show progress, in its practice. Also, those eligible for the Deming Prize must have received the Deming Application Prize earlier. The Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers expects the Deming final award to encourage award holders in enhancing quality control of earlier recipient of the award. However, all Deming prizes become award ed at the same time of the year.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Quality Management Awards specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Deming awards may be awarded other countries, apart from the factory and individual medal. The European Quality Awards The European Quality Award became established, in 1992, after the establishment of the Deming and MBNQA. The structure of the award resembles the MBNQA. However, the first awards went to large, profit-oriented corporations, until 1996, when the award adjusted to suit small and medium sized enterprises. A group of six assessors, comprising of quality experts and academicians, assess the practice of the program. The European Quality Awards bases on nine criteria including â€Å"people management, leadership, resource management, policy and strategy, customer satisfaction, process management, impact on society, business results and people satisfaction† (Vokurka et al. 2000 p.43). Most of these criteria resemble those of the MBNQA. However, The European Quality Award stresses on the impact on society and individual s perceptions, which lack in the Deming and MBNQA. The European Quality Award, unlike the Deming and MBNQA, vary in the criterion for qualified corporations. Besides, The European Quality Awards vary, in the group of award assessors, as it includes quality experts and academicians. The European Quality Award matches with MBNQA in that it can only be rewarded to companies that have at least half of their dealings in Europe. However, the European Quality Award is applicable to more nations, than the Deming and MBNQA awards.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Canada Awards for Excellence Canada established the excellent award, in 1983, so as, to credit the practice of management. In the initial phases, the Canadian government became responsible for administering the award (Funk 2004). Ten years later, the National Quality Institute, took direction over the award. Since inception, the Canada Awards for Excellence varied from Deming Prizes in significant ways. First, this award focused more on results than the Deming Prize. Consequently, MBNQA decided to imitate this result perspective into its structure. Similarly, MBNQA adopted the seven criteria just like the Canada Awards for Excellence. Therefore, most criteria in MBNQA can also be found in the Canada Awards for Excellence. The award has seven drivers including â€Å"organizational performance, leadership, customer focus, people focus, planning, supplier focus and process management† (Vokurka et al. 2000 p.44). The Canada Awards for Excellence, equally, differs with the Eur opean Quality Awards. While the Canadian excellent award remained applicable to both private and public sectors, the European award could only be applied to for-profit firms. However, the European award later expanded to incorporate corporations in the public sector (Stading and Vokurka 2003). Although Canada Awards for Excellence are valuable, just like the European Quality Awards, Deming Prize and MBNQA, they operate on a small span because Canada’s population is not large. The Australian Quality Awards for Business Excellence The Australian Quality Awards became established in early 1990s. The award gets issued by the Australian Quality Council. The aim of the award is to develop best practices and quality principles (Vokurka et al. 2000). The award follows seven groups of criteria including â€Å"leadership, people, information and analysis, strategy, policy and planning, customer focus, quality of process, product and service and organizational performance† (Vokur ka et al. 2000 p.44). According to the model, information, people, strategy, analysis, planning and policy and categories have supreme impact on the quality of processes (Vokurka et al. 2000). While the Australian award resembles MBNQA, it stresses more on the importance of multicultural management. It, also, stresses on people and processes, unlike the Deming and other awards. China Quality Award China Quality Award became established in 2001, by the China Association for Quality (CAQ) (Pompeo, 2010). The award gets offered to businesses that promote quality management, develop the general quality and competitive capacity, in order to serve the people and community. China Quality Award follows the Baldrige criteria (Pompeo, 2010). Similar to other awards, for instance, European Quality Award, Deming Prize and MBNQA, beneficiaries of China Quality Award become selected following a lengthy assessment (Pompeo 2010; Tan 2003). ISO 9001:2000 ISO 9001:2000, refers to quality management p ractices that seek to meet â€Å"customer’s quality requirements and applicable regulatory requirements, achieve continual improvement of performance, and enhance customer satisfaction in pursuit of these objectives† (Pryor et al. n. d. p.8). ISO 9000 becomes founded on 8 principles including â€Å" Customer Focus; Leadership; Involvement of People; Process Approach; System Approach to management; Continual Improvement; Factual Approach to Decision Making; and Mutually Beneficial Supplier Relationships† (Pryor et al. n. d. p.8). Hence, ISO 9001:2000 eight principles resemble MBNQA, and other related awards Criteria, in some ways. How â€Å"ISO 9001:2008† framework gets implemented in a real organization operating in the â€Å"United Arab Emirates In this part, we shall focus on the preparation and implementation of the ISO 9001:2008, in UAE, by Organization X. Organization X is a real security firm in UAE, known as First Security Guard. The following is a discussion of the steps that First Security Guard (referred to as organization X), follows in implementing the ISO 9001:2008. Preparation Organization X makes preparation by attempting to understand the ISO 9001:2008 standard. Organization X, then appoints a ISO 9001 â€Å"Management Representative, or the Quality Manager, who is responsible for the preparation and implementation of the appropriate procedures and Quality Manual to guarantee quality at every phase, beginning from acquiring the order to after sales service. Organization X then prepares training for the quality manager, in accordance with the manual. Subsequently, the organization ensures that the executives back the ISO 9001 and necessities that may be associated with this implementation. Also, the founder of Organization X informs all the workers about the significance and feasibility of ISO 9001, so that they do not fear the changes. Quality Manual, Quality Policy and Procedures Organization x prepares various do cuments including Six Quality Procedures, Quality Objectives, Quality Manual, Process Flowchart and Quality Policy. Organization X ensures that all these documents meet all the necessities of the ISO 9001:2008 standard. In addition to the above documents, the organization formulates work instructions, with detailed steps on how processes will function. Implementation, Training and Work Instructions Organization X introduces the novel requirements incorporated in the organization’s Implementation Manual. The organization, through various departments, instructs workers regarding implementation of the standard, and ensures that they fine-tune their methods of working to the new requirements. Internal Audits Organization X hires Abdul, a subcontractor who audits the implementation of the standards. Organization X presents Abdul with the implementation manual of the organization. Abdul examines whether organization X meets the provisions of ISO 9001:2008 as described in the organi zation’s Implementation Manual. Certification Organization X, then selects an appropriate registrar, who can award the certificate. The manager of organization X structures an evaluation form, in an effort to find the best registrar. After the certification audit, organization X uses the new ISO 9001 certification as a marketing tool. The manager of organization X sends announcement cards to its clients, prepares a press release, print the certification blot on letterheads, exhibits a banner outside the organization and adds the ISO 9001 certification mark in its advertisements. Also, the manager of the organization appreciates all workers for their hard work, towards implementation of the standard. Finally, Organization X recognizes the need to maintain the standards, as the registrar of the ISO 9001 certificate must conduct inspection audits several times, in every year, to confirm sustained ISO 9001 fulfillment. Therefore, organization X encourages its workers not to relax , so that they can maintain their excellent position. Also, the Organization maintains its internal audits, so as, to correct any inconsistencies. Organization X recognizes that the first manual, which details the first Quality Procedures of ISO 9001 quality management system, is not necessary. Instead, Organization X uses the streamlining manual to revise ISO 9001 Quality Procedures Manual. Benefits and problems that will face the â€Å"X organization† with its future application of Six-sigma quality management Rizwan (n.d.) defines ‘six sigma’ as a modern quality tool that employs data and statistical analysis to assess and enhance a corporation’s operational performance, systems and practice. The following is a discussion of the benefits and problems that will face the organization X with its future application of Six-sigma quality management. Six Sigma models utilize the combination of statistical assessment tools with modern management techniques to attain results. Thus, Six sigma will help X organization in quality development through boosting customer satisfaction and yield, and thus, enhancing the profitability of the organization, as it centers on incessant quality enhancement. Besides, Six Sigma models will aid X organization in linking with its customers. Customers need to collaborate with organizations, in describing their wants. Six Sigma instruments make this connection, amid the chief elements, actions, vision and strategies, easy. Six Sigma model will enhance the communication, of X Organization’s vision, to all its stakeholders in the most suitable language. However, the employment of Six Sigma model may pose several challenges to X organization, since it is in UAE, which is a developing country. This is because execution of the model, in developing states, encounters numerous difficulties. This occurs because Six Sigma model appears as an integrated process, which can not be taken in parts. Once an organiza tion begins to use the model, it must do so to the end. In a country like UAE, which is a developing state, most government policies do not complete their term or else the policies are short term. Such discontinuity in the policies impedes the efficiency of Six Sigma. Hence, X organization will have challenges in implementing the Sigma model. Also, Six Sigma centers on the technical recognition of diverse factors and then corrective measures get planned against the factors. However, the model usually fails to take into account the human factor, which facilitates the failure of almost 50% of all Six Sigma proposals that organizations in developing nations assume. Human factor is extremely significant, in this case, because X Organization has low automation, and the fact that the organization relies on human capital rather than machines because of cheap and accessible manpower. Such shortcomings point out that organizations should not center on executing Six Sigma, individually. Again , those factors that make Six Sigma effectual are, as well, accountable for reducing its general efficiency. Six Sigma model requires much statistical examination, relying on data, in order to recognize defect field. Correcting such areas is likely to enhance quality, reduce costs and boost efficiency. Fiscal benefits become set as pointers of enhancement for management. However, Non-existence of accurate and high quality data, in X organization, is a critical factor that will hinder effectual implementation. Since X organization is in UAE, which is a developing state, economic, legal, social and political factors are likely to bring long range variances. Lastly, the status quo, in X organization does not allow managers to intermingle with other employees, and; consequently, transmission of manager’s vision to employees does not occur, efficiently. These trends, of developing nations led to unsynchronized thinking for most organizations. In conclusion, we have seen that vario us quality management frameworks can be compared in several ways. MBNQA resembles and differs with the Deming award, in several ways. MBNQA, similar to the Deming Prize, becomes applicable to corporations owned by aliens. However, MBNQA can only be applied to alien corporations that have half of their assets in America, unlike the Deming award. The European Quality Award, unlike the Deming and MBNQA, vary in the criterion for qualified corporations. Besides, The European Quality Awards vary, in the group of award assessors, as it includes quality experts and academicians. The European Quality Award matches with MBNQA in that it can only be rewarded to companies that have at least half of their dealings in Europe. However, the European Quality Award is applicable to more nations, than the Deming and MBNQA awards. The Canada Awards for Excellence, equally, differs with the European Quality Awards. While the Canadian excellent award remained applicable to both private and public sector s, the European award could only be applied to for-profit firms. Although Canada Awards for Excellence are valuable, just like the European Quality Awards, Deming Prize and MBNQA, they operate on a small span because Canada’s population is not large. While the Australian award resembles MBNQA, it stresses more on the importance of multicultural management. It, also, stresses on people and processes, unlike the Deming and other awards. Similar to other awards, for instance, European Quality Award, Deming Prize and MBNQA, beneficiaries of China Quality Award become selected following a lengthy assessment. ISO 9001:2000 eight principles resemble MBNQA, and other related awards Criteria, in some ways. Also, we have seen the implications of X organization adopting the Sigma quality management. First, Six Sigma models utilize the combination of statistical assessment tools with modern management techniques to attain results. Thus, Six sigma will help X organization in quality devel opment through boosting customer satisfaction and yield, and thus, enhancing the profitability of the organization, as it centers on incessant quality enhancement. Six Sigma model appears as an integrated process, which can not be taken in parts. Once an organization begins to use the model, it must do so to the end. In a country like UAE, which is a developing state, most government policies do not complete their term or else the policies are short term. Such discontinuity in the policies impedes the efficiency of Six Sigma. Hence, X organization will have challenges in implementing the Sigma model. References Brown, MG 2004, Baldrige award winning quality: how to interpret the Baldrige criteria for performance excellence, Portland, Productivity Press Inc. Funk, V 2004, ‘Quality awards listing’, Quality Progress vol. 37, no. p548. Gabor, A 1990, The man who discovered quality: How W. Edwards Deming Brought the quality revolution to America: the stories of Ford, Xerox, and GM. New York, Times Books. Hui, K H and Chuan TK 2002, ‘Nine approaches to organizational excellence’, Journal of Organizational Excellence, vol. 22, p.535. Khoo, H H and Tan, KC 2003, ‘Managing for quality in the USA and Japan: differences between the MBNQA, DP and JQA’,†TQM Magazine, vol. 15, no. 1, p.144. Pompeo, J 2010, Living inside china’s quality revolution, https://news.alibaba.com/article/detail/trade-knowledge/100334017-1-living-inside-china%2527s-quality-revolution.html Pryor, M G, Toombs, L and Anderson, D n.d, ‘What management and quality theories are best for small businesses’, Journal of Management and Marketing Research, pp.1-12, http://www.aabri.com/manuscripts/09208.pdf. Rizwan, A n.d, Six sigma and developing countries, Pakistan, University of Engineering Technology. Stading, GLand Vokurka, RJ, 2003. ‘Building quality strategy content using the process from national and international quality awardsâ₠¬â„¢, TQM Business Excellence, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 93146. Tan, KC 2003, ‘Factors affecting the development of national quality awards’, Business Excellence, vol. 7, no. 3, p.375. Vokurka, R J, Stading, G L, and Brazeal, J 2000, ‘A comparative analysis of national and regional quality awards’ , Quality Progress, vol. 33, pp.42-49. Zairi, M1994, Measuring performance for business results, London, Springer. This report on Quality Management Awards was written and submitted by user Liam Richardson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Death Penalty misc0 essays

Death Penalty misc0 essays The United states is the only western democracy that still practices capital punishment. There have been over 4050 executions since 1930. In 1994 alone, there were 257 executions in the United States. People who believe in capital punishment say that this dehumanizing process deters crime. This is false because the death penalty has been proven NOT to deter crime. In fact, during the 1980s, states practicing the death penalty averaged an annual rate of 7.5 criminal homicides per 100,000, while abolition states averaged a rate of 7.4 per 100,000. That means murder was actually MORE common in states that use the death penalty. Criminals irrationally perform crimes, therefore, life imprisonment ought to deter a rational person itself. Besides, no criminal commits a crime if he believes he will be caught. The death penalty is morally incorrect. Why do governments kill people to show other people that killing is wrong? Would society allow rape as the penalty for rape or the burning of arsonists homes as the penalty for arson. Every time we execute someone, we sink to the same level as the common killer. What is the difference between the state killing and an individual killing? The end result is the same....one more dead body, one more set of grieving parents, and one more cemetery slot. Every time we execute someone, we are desensitizing the value of human life. The death penalty is not now, nor has it ever been a more economical alternative to life imprisonment. A study by the New York State Defenders Association showed that the cost of a capital trial ALONE is more than double the cost of life imprisonment. They also concluded that a death penalty case costs approximately 42 percent more than a case resulting in a non-death sentence. Since 1976 the United States has spent 700 Another reason to get rid of the death penalty is the possibility of error. ...

Land Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Land Law - Essay Example Lenders are required to send a reminder notice or letter of demand if payments are defaulted1. If the payment default is not corrected as expected in the demand letter, the lender should send a default notice, making it clear how he will remedy the default to allow the borrower a maximum period of 30 days as per the date of the note to do so. When a mortgager of residential property fails to repay his mortgage, he will find it difficult, though not impossible to prevent the mortgage from recovering the property and selling it. Mortgage in English law is resulted from two different influences. Its form and origin belong to the common law; the constraints by which it is made to act as security only, belong to the courts equity. The English law states that, if the mortgagor did not pay on the contractual date, he at one time can forfeit the mortgagee and can be sued in contract to for money repayment. Accordingly, the legal right to redeem is very limited. The mortgagee’s right t o possess the residential property is exactly what is expected. By virtue of how legal mortgages are created, the lender is considered as having an estate in the residential land, thus he is given an immediate right to possession instantly the ink dries on the mortgage. Notably, the mortgagee may posses the property at any moment even when the mortgage is not in default, basing only to the provision contrary in statute or in the mortgage itself. In the usual course of events, this right will not be exercised by the mortgagee and will be content to permit the mortgagor to continue possessing the property so long as the terms of mortgage are adhered to and payments are done as agreed. Indeed, the mortgagee could have promised in the contract not to seek possession except if the mortgagor breaches any other obligation or defaults repaying. If this happens, possession may be granted in virtue of the mortgagee’s right, not in virtue of a solution to be requested from the court2. I n this context therefore, mortgaged property can only be taken and sold basing on the procedure of mortgage creation, the rights of the lender, and the rights of the mortgagor. How a mortgage is created Before property is taken and sold, the mortgagee and the mortgagor should both consider the way this mortgage was created. The first step is to involve a mortgage advisor to offer an agreement in principle or approval. This illustrates what the provider will likely be willing to lend, basing on specific terms and conditions. Such a step can be helpful when a mortgagor has chosen his mortgage and the property is to be offered. A mortgagor should never be tempted to overstate his income since he can end up with a mortgage he can not afford to repay. To legalize a mortgage, a licensed conveyance or a conveyance solicitor must be included in this creation so that he can draw up contract, make local searches, and carry out other legal paperwork. Some lenders may refer a mortgage to a spec ified solicitor but a personal recommendation may be a choice. After this, it is important that the property is valuated3. The lender will often have the prosperity valued to ensure that it is worth the agreed upon price. If it’s not, then it will affect the amount to be lent. It is therefore advisable for a mortgagor to get his own survey done as well or to upgrade the valuation of the lender’s survey into a more detailed one. After mortgage offer, the mortgagor’s solicitor can set a date for contract exchange with the seller’s solicitor. A percentage of the buying price is paid by the mortgagor at this time, as a non-refundable deposit and entrust to paying the rest upon the agreed completion time, that is, when he owns the property. A mortgage can be created over a

Types of Unemployment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Types of Unemployment - Essay Example For example, advance in machinery and changes in souk conditions frequently turn many abilities outdated; this naturally raises the rates of joblessness. This kind of unemployment happens when employees take sometimes to shift from one job to a different one. It might be the case when some employees discover new occupations before they depart their previous ones. Many workers depart or lose their works previous to containing other jobs waiting. In such a situation, an employee must look about for a profession that is excellent for them, and this procedure takes some occasions (Tucker, 2008). The condition is not considered particularly difficult from an economic point of view. This type of joblessness is credited to economic reductions and business series happening to the economy. It happens during depression when the demand for merchandise and services in the market cascades, some corporations react by reducing output and firing employees leading to joblessness (Tucker, 2008). Unemployed snow remover fits in the structural form of unemployment since, removing the snow might depend on the market needs and its dynamic differences. Unemployed technician and a recent graduate fit in the fractional joblessness since the person might be looking for the profession that best suits

Professional Development Of Teachers Education Essay

Professional Development Of Teachers Education Essay This study is to examine the role of leadership in teacher professional development in Chinese Independent Secondary Schools in Klang Valley. The specific variables that will be investigated include teachers perceptions of teacher professional development; teachers expectations as well as the principals role in facilitating teacher professional development. Developments in leadership will lead to changes in the ways teachers work. These will subsequently increase the need to review teacher professional development. The purpose of this research is to establish how the dual of the principal and the teachers manifests itself in professional development. This research will be significant as it will examine the voices of teachers on how leadership contributes to teacher professional development. The research will be conducted using qualitative methodology. It will be based on a case study of two Chinese Independent Secondary Schools in Klang Valley. Data will be collected using questionna ires and follow up interviews which will be administered to elicit responses from principals, deputy principals and teachers in both schools. The findings will reveal the need for teachers in Chinese Independent Secondary Schools in Klang Valley to engage more in teacher professional development programmes in order for them to have a better understanding of the concept. This study will also demonstrate if teacher professional development should be the core work of both the principals and teachers in order to create a learning environment in their schools so that both can develop professionally. Based on the results obtained in this study, we will determine if Chinese Independent Secondary Schools in Klang Valley need more awareness in teacher professional development and how it will influence the leadership. Keywords: Leadership, Principals, Teachers, Teacher Professional Development, Teaching and Learning INTRODUCTION The purpose of this proposed qualitative study is to help principals of Chinese Independent Schools in Selangor and their supervisors understand the interaction of leadership capacity and distributed leadership practices as they relate to professional development within a school. The study will capture leadership practices in an effort to reveal how the practices impact on the professional development of the teachers. The overall question under consideration is: How do schools and school leaders understand capacity building while using that process to build and/or sustain a culture for professional learning? The intention is to understand more about systems that promote professional development and as a result contribute towards school development. The role of the principal in facilitating the development of organizational learning and capacity building via professional development related to instruction, student achievement, leadership roles, inquiry, teacher engagement, vision, goal setting, shared norms and values will be examined using case study methodology. Interviews, open-ended survey results, focus groups, and documents as well as environmental observations will be analyzed to reveal the role of the principal in this context. The case studies will examine the behaviors, actions, and interactions of principals and teachers within schools where leadership and professional development is considered to be in place through formal and informal structures established at the district and building level. All of the principals in the study are from the Chinese Independent Secondary Schools in Selangor. Qualitative research is proposed in order to examine and articulate practices related to school leadership and professional deve lopment. Four case studies are proposed to help inform established and new principals embrace the paradox of leadership with purpose as well as an understanding that each story needs to be told in order to meet the obligation of building knowledge as part of a schools culture. Teachers are the main resources of an education system. They have important roles and responsibilities to exercise in the teaching profession and to mould students in accordance with the changing social needs. Therefore, professional development needs of teachers constantly change and develop along with the changing expectations regarding the quality of education, the changing social needs, technological changes and the effect of technology on learning, the change in student population, and the transforming paradigms in learning and teaching. Professional development of teachers is a must for school improvement and educational change. It is useful not only for teachers, but also for students, school administrators, parents, families and colleagues. Thus, it can be considered as both an individual and social implementation. In other words, investment on teachers is an investment on individuals whose consequences are directly reflected in the society as well. Professional development involves teachers acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitudes addressing improvements in education. It compensates the lack of education in pre-service training with the help of regular in-service training. Therefore, it can be considered as a process which starts in pre-service training and goes on with in-service training till the end of the profession. Teachers professional development is generally defined as activities such as seminars and set-courses which aim at training teachers through in-service training (Odabasi Kabakci, 2007). It is also defined as any kind of teaching-training activity to meet teachers needs that is necessary for their professional growth and development (Seferoglu, 2001). According to a broader definition, professional development consists of processes and activities designed to enhance the professional knowledge, skills and attitudes of teachers so that they can improve the learning of students. Therefore, professional development is a process that is intentional, ongoing and systemic (Guskey, 2000). The purpose of any professional development program is to inform and change teacher behavior as a result of new information. To achieve this purpose, educators spend countless hours on professional development activities, learning to use new instructional strategies or materials (Barnett, 2003) since the   professional development of teachers must be an on-going process of refining skills, inquiring into practice, and developing new methods.Professional development leads to knowledge acquisition on the one hand and update of current knowledge and skills on the other. In this respect, the advantages of professional development can be listed as follows (Librera et al., 2004). Professional development: Ø   ameliorates the field of application, Ø   helps teachers and students meet their individual or mutual needs by providing them with the opportunities to reflect on their personal experiences, applications and research, Ø   orientates professional experiences of high quality in schools, Ø   contributes to educational policies in heightening standards, Ø   helps teachers understand and explain ICTs. Most countries in the world consider teacher training as a crucial subject, and so does Turkey. Teacher training has several qualitative and quantitative insufficiencies in several countries. Regardless of the quantitative adequacy of teachers, professional development of teachers remains one of the most glaring problems of teacher training. Pre-service teachers still have the chance to develop themselves since they are still within an educational institution as learners. However, in-service teachers might find themselves abandoned as they have started working and hence feel deprived of constant mentoring and guidance. The only solution to sustain lifelong learning in Turkey is to provide in-service teachers with constant support through regular and effective professional development activities

What works in America :: Culture Cultural Essays

What works in America Jennifer Mancini's parents were born in Italy and immigrated to America just before they had two daughters, Jennifer and her sister. They left a country whose culture stressed close family ties, traditional food, traditional ways of preparing food, and strict social customs. It is Italian tradition that family stick together through the hard times; parents are always there for their children and children are always there for their parents. When the Mancinis came to America, they were forced to abandon many of their customs; in fact, all they held on to was a bit of the old language and their Italian food. Through the experiences she and her family have endured, Mancini believes that "people eventually will assimilate to a more mainstream culture over time, even if they didn't plan to or want to.Just like the old saying goes: 'When in Rome do as the Romans do.'" Although most immigrants are reluctant to stray from how they have learned to live, it will help them to give up much of the ir old ways and accept the dominant culture America has to offer. Rejecting or simply not being able to stray from one's previous culture results in negative responses from the mainstream American culture. Ronald Takaki, a professor and historian at the University of California at Berkeley, shared his view of immigration along with personal experiences in his essay entitled "A Different Mirror" Takaki, a second generation Japanese-American, describes how his appearance erected a barrier between himself and an "American." His experience begins inside a cab on the way to a conference on multiculturalism. The driver and Takaki chat for a few minutes until the middle-aged white man in the front seat notices something odd, his passenger looks foreign yet speaks perfect English. Takaki explained to the driver that he had lived his entire life in The United States and is a true-blooded American. Takaki tell us that, "Somehow I did not look 'American' to him; my eyes and complexion looked foreign" (589). The cab driver immediately assumed that a foreigner had entered his car because Takaki did not look like all the other "Americans" that ask for a ride. His eyes were slanted and his complexion a little darker than the norm, too dark and slanted to be from this country. That is the difficulty with immigration in America today. The American people often are not open enough to get past the differences found amongst ethnic backgrounds.

The Dead Child

Significant Lines1. â€Å"Why, oh why, did the memory of that dead child seek me out today in the very midst of the summer that sang?†2. â€Å"I glanced again at that astonishing splash of pink in the melancholy landscape.†3. â€Å"I studied the silent little face. A child who had loved books, solemnity, and decorous attire.†4. â€Å"I realized suddenly that it was a mass of wild roses. In June they open in great sheets all over Manitoba, growing from the poorest soil.†5. â€Å"A scent I have not much liked since the long ago June when I went to that poorest of villages-to acquire, as they say, experience.† Insightful Comments6. Each flower/rose holds a precious memory.7. Life is full of harsh moments. However the simple, yet precious things in life make up for the murky moments.8. The flowers signify the hope, found in a place surrounded by darkness. ( The light at the end of the tunnel)9. The value of a child’s memory is worth more than all the riches in the world.10. Yolande, a rose grown from the poorest soil. A brilliant, pure, and innocent rose. The theme of â€Å"The Dead Child† by Gabrielle Roy is about how a simple action can have a massive impact on our surroundings. In other words never underestimate the power of a simple action. In the story we are introduced to a group of Mà ©tis students, who are under privileged and are taught in poor working environments. Already we can see that these students do not have very much – money wise-. Despite their lack of necessities they were still able to give the gift of kindness, respect and love to their close friend Yolande.Their simple act of kindness not only changed their perspective on death but it also opened their hearts and allowed them to connect with their teacher throughout their moments of grief. By simply visiting Yolande before her burial helped the students cope with their misery and lift all the emotional weights from their tiny shoulders. Not only did they show others that Yolande was not alone but they also proved to themselves that they were strong enough to understand death. As they are picking the flowers they are reminded of the hope among them and that everything will be okay. I think the reason why this theme was used in the story is to allow readers to take the time to think about their actions and how it can affect themselves and their surroundings no matter how diminutive  the action may be- like many people say actions always speak louder than words.The face in my image is Yolande. The ribbons of colors caressing Yolande’s face represent all the feelings that were present throughout the story. Blue symbolizing sadness, white symbolizing purity, yellow symbolizes the imperfections in life and pink represents hope. The black background is the soil in which the roses grow out of and the same soil that will hold Yolande’s body where she too will become a rose. The large stream of rose petals r epresents the innocent and simple actions of the children. If you picture a stream they are usually calm and quiet but if you look closer streams are also abundant filled with life just like the students in the story.The tiny bits of roses represent all the memories the children had with Yolande; each rose petal builds a larger rose. At the end of the story the children form a circle around Yolande and console themselves by telling one another â€Å"She must have got to heaven by this time.† Or â€Å"She must be happy now.† For a child to experience such a mature feeling is not only incredible but at the same time fascinating, and so all of these emotions have engraved their names onto the rose signifying an important moment in their lives, the moment when they learnt how to cope with grief and death.As a result of their simple acts of kindness each child’s memory, feelings and actions make them a beautiful rose. All these relate back to the theme because they i llustrate all the wondrous things the children and the teacher were able to experience and achieve through a simple action despite all the emotional, and mental struggles each character went through.

The Chac Mool Statues of Mexico

A Chac Mool is a very specific type of Mesoamerican statue associated with ancient cultures such as the Aztecs and Maya. The statues, made of different types of stone, depict a reclined man holding a tray or bowl on his belly or chest. Much is unknown about the origin, significance, and purpose of the Chac Mool statues, but ongoing studies have proven a strong link between them and Tlaloc, Mesoamerican god of rain and thunder. Appearance of the Chac Mool Statues The Chac Mool statues are easy to identify. They depict a reclining man with his head turned ninety degrees in one direction. His legs are generally drawn up and bent at the knees. He is almost always holding a tray, bowl, altar, or other recipient of some kind. They often are reclined on rectangular bases: when they are, the bases usually contain fine stone inscriptions. Iconography related to water, the ocean and/or Tlaloc, the rain god can often be found on the bottom of the statues. They were carved from many different sorts of stone available to Mesoamerican masons. In general, they are roughly human-sized, but examples have been found which are larger or smaller. There are differences between Chac Mool statues as well: for example, the ones from Tula and Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ appear as young warriors in battle gear whereas one from Michoacà ¡n is an old man, nearly naked. The Name Chac Mool Although they were obviously important to the ancient cultures that created them, for years these statues were ignored and left to weather the elements at ruined cities. The first serious study of them took place in 1832. Since then, they have been viewed as cultural treasures and studies on them have increased. They got their name from the French archeologist Augustus LePlongeon in 1875: he dug one up in Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ and mistakenly identified it as a depiction of an ancient Maya ruler whose name was â€Å"Thunderous Paw,† or Chaacmol. Although the statues have been proven to have no relation to Thunderous Paw, the name, slightly changed, has stuck. Dispersion of the Chac Mool Statues Chac Mool statues have been found at several important archaeological sites but are curiously missing from others. Several have been found at the sites of Tula and Chichà ©n Itza and several more have been located in different excavations in and around Mexico City. Other statues have been found at smaller sites including Cempoala and at the Maya site of Quiriguà ¡ in present-day Guatemala. Some major archaeological sites have yet to yield a Chac Mool, including Teotihuacà ¡n and Xochicalco. It is also interesting that no representation of the Chac Mool appears in any of the surviving Mesoamerican Codices. Purpose of the Chac Mools The statues — some of which are quite elaborate — obviously had an important religious and ceremonial uses for the different cultures that created them. The statues had a utilitarian purpose and were not, in themselves, worshiped: this is known because of their relative positions within the temples. When located in temples, the Chac Mool is nearly always positioned between the spaces associated with the priests and that associated with the people. It is never found in the back, where something revered as a deity would be expected to rest. The purpose of the Chac Mools was generally as a place for sacrificial offerings for the gods. These offering could consist of anything from foodstuffs like tamales or tortillas to colorful feathers, tobacco or flowers. The Chac Mool altars also served for human sacrifices: some had cuauhxicallis, or special recipients for the blood of sacrificial victims, while others had special tà ©hcatl altars where humans were ritualistically sac rificed. The Chac Mools and Tlaloc Most of the Chac Mool statues have an obvious link to Tlaloc, the Mesoamerican rain god and an important deity of the Aztec pantheon. On the base of some of the statues can be seen carvings of fish, seashells and other marine life. On the base of the Pino Suarez and Carranza Chac Mool (named after a Mexico City intersection where it was dug up during road work) is the face of Tlaloc himself surrounded by aquatic life. A most fortunate discovery was that of a Chac Mool at the Templo Mayor excavation in Mexico City in the early 1980s. This Chac Mool still had much of its original paint on it: these colors only served to further match the Chac Mools to Tlaloc. One example: Tlaloc was depicted in the Codex Laud with red feet and blue sandals: the Templo Mayor Chac Mool also has red feet with blue sandals. Enduring Mystery of the Chac Mools Although much more is known now about the Chac Mools and their purpose, some mysteries remain. Chief among these mysteries is the origin of the Chac Mools: they are found at Postclassic Maya sites such as Chichà ©n Itzà ¡ and Aztec sites near Mexico City, but it is impossible to tell where and when they originated. The reclining figures likely do not represent Tlaloc himself, who is usually depicted as being more gruesome: they could be warriors who carry the offerings to the gods they were intended for. Even their real name – what the natives called them – has been lost to time. Sources: Desmond, Lawrence G. Chacmool. Là ³pez Austin, Alfredo and Leonardo Là ³pez Lujan. Los Mexicas y el Chac Mool. Arqueologà ­a Mexicana Vol. IX - Num. 49 (May-June 2001).